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Bad Debt Provision

Term in Qoyod's Accounting Glossary — Practical definition with examples from the Saudi market.

What is Bad Debt Provision?

A bad debt provision (allowance for doubtful debts) is an estimated reduction of trade receivables to their expected recoverable amount, recognized under IFRS 9 using a forward-looking expected credit loss (ECL) model.

How It Works

  • Stage 1: 12-month ECL for performing receivables.
  • Stage 2: lifetime ECL for receivables with significant credit risk increase.
  • Stage 3: lifetime ECL for credit-impaired receivables.
  • Most SMEs use the simplified approach: lifetime ECL on all receivables via a provision matrix.

Saudi Context

Saudi banks, finance companies, and large corporates have applied IFRS 9 expected credit losses since 2018. SAMA-regulated banks must use sophisticated probability-of-default models, while Saudi SMEs typically use a provision matrix based on aged receivables (e.g., 1% for current, 5% for 30-60 days, 20% for 60-90 days, 100% for >180 days).

Example

A Saudi distributor has SAR 5,000,000 in receivables. Provision matrix: 1% current (SAR 30,000), 5% 30-90 days (SAR 75,000), 50% 90-180 days (SAR 100,000), 100% >180 days (SAR 50,000). Total bad debt provision = SAR 255,000.

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